高精度高分辨率WENO格式分析与改进

高精度、高分辨率计算格式对提高超声速复杂流场的计算水平有重要的意义。WENO格式是在ENO格式基础上发展起来的一类新型高精度、高分辨率格式,本文在格式加权算法理论和数值分析的基础,对加权算法进行了改进,通过模型问题应用可以看出:改进后格式权值的计算更为光滑,仍具有高精度、高分辨率的性质,并克服了随网格变化而出现的波动现象。     

一种新的高分辨极化目标检测方法

针对宽带毫米波高分辨雷达体制 ,研究了杂波环境中的目标检测问题。提出了极化域线性积累滤波的思路以提高雷达接收信号的信杂比 ,在此基础上利用宽带波形固有的径向高分辨力对目标进行一维距离成像 ,估计出回波中强散射点的数量和分布 ,通过对不同径向分辨单元内的强散射点进行整体检测 ,可进一步有效地提高信杂比 ,改善雷达的检测性能。最后在毫米波段的实验仿真结果表明该方法是一种非常有效的扩展目标检测方法     

Institutions,information, and commitment: the role of democracy in conflict

This paper explores the hypothesis that both the preexisting quality of democracy in a polity at the onset of conflict and the quality of democracy expected to emerge in the aftermath influence the likelihood of civil war. An empirical investigation of the hypothesis presents a challenge due to concerns of endogeneity and selection: the post-conflict level of democracy is endogenous to the pre-conflict level. Further, for a given time period, either a number of countries have not experienced civil war; or if they did, did not resolve the conflict. We overcome this selection bias by implementing a three-step extension to the Heckman procedure using an unbalanced cross-country panel of 77 countries over the period 1971–2005. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that a standard deviation improvement in the existing level of democracy reduces the probability of civil war by approximately 9 percentage points and a corresponding improvement in expected post-conflict democratization increases the probability of conflict by approximately 48 percentage points.     

无人机感知避让技术分析

无人机的安全性能特别是防相撞能力是影响无人机发展的一个重要因素,无人机感知避让技术是防止无人机发生相撞事故的重要保证。为了解和发展无人机感知避让技术,从无人机空中态势感知、飞行冲突预测和飞行冲突解脱3个方面对当前感知避让技术的研究现状进行了总结介绍,探讨了无人机防相撞工作的发展趋势。     

基于一维距离像的导弹目标运动特征提取方法

根据导弹目标运动方式及其回波特点,提出了一种基于一维距离像的运动目标特征提取方法。在对回波进行全去斜率处理后获得目标一维像。通过观测一维像序列的长度变化周期,提取目标的章动频率;根据距离像在成像窗口中的位置,获取雷达和目标的径向距离;利用相邻距离像相关方法,获取距离像平移位置,从而推出雷达—目标的径向速度。进行了相应的仿真实验,结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于时间反转声学理论的超声相控阵超分辨率成像方法

在超声相控阵检测领域,常规成像方法遵守瑞利准则,其成像分辨率受到波长限制。研究时间反转多信号分类(Time Reversal-MUltiple SIgnal Classification, TR-MUSIC)方法,在保持超声波工作频率不变且不影响系统探测深度的前提下,可提高成像分辨率,实现超分辨率成像。通过全矩阵采集方法获取被测对象的超声阵列数据;利用平面B扫描和TR-MUSIC方法处理数据,得到二维和三维超声图像;依据图像特征评估被测对象内部状况。实验选取加工不锈钢试块作为被测对象,搭建超声相控阵检测系统,在试块内部加工6个直径为1 mm、可视为点散射体的相邻贯通孔作为缺陷。实验表明,TR-MUSIC方法能够区分并定位这6个相邻点散射体,而平面B扫描方法则不能。因此,基于时间反转声学理论的TR-MUSIC方法可以提高成像分辨率,改善超声图像质量。     

协方差压缩感知逆合成孔径雷达成像技术

为解决低信噪比条件下短观测时间雷达成像问题,提出一种基于回波协方差矩阵处理的压缩感知逆合成孔径雷达成像技术。该方法构建了回波协方差矩阵层面下的压缩感知问题模型,并通过特定的线性变换降低环境噪声对成像结果的影响。在仿真实验中,通过处理短观测时间和低信噪比条件下的模拟回波数据,该方法获得比传统压缩感知方法像质更好、对比度更强的目标成像结果。同时,其成像结果的目标背景比和背景噪声能量两个雷达图像评价指标都优于传统方法,进一步验证了该方法的有效性。     

Socioeconomic impact of conflict: state of emergency ruling in Turkey

Uprising tensions during 2010 in eastern and southeastern regions of Turkey provoked arguments about the necessity for a State of Emergency (SOE; ‘Ola?anüstü Hal’ in Turkish) declaration in those regions, with a belief of enduring political sustainability. The discussion is inflamed by a speech of the Nationalist Movement Party’s leader about the suggestion to announce a SOE ruling after the death of 24 Turkish soldiers in Hakkari (a city in the southeast of Turkey) in an attack of the PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) on the 19 October 2011. Although a new announcement of SOE did not take place, the discussion itself induced the idea behind this paper which is to provide a quantitative analysis of the SOE in Turkey. In fact, the SOE ruling is not a new concept for Turkey and it has been implemented in 13 cities in the eastern and southeastern regions from 1987 to 2002. Although there have been many discussions about the costs of these 15 years of the SOE ruling in terms of military expenditure and, thus, on the national budget, there is a lack of quantitative analytical examination of the economic and social costs of it. Difference-in-differences analysis reveals negative spillover impacts of the SOE, especially on the forced migration, unemployment, and educational investments. The results also show that SOE ruling is an important factor for the underdevelopment of the eastern and southeastern regions in Turkey and, thus, a new SOE will bring enormous inequalities, both economically and socially, and an intensification of the ethnic tensions in Turkey.     

WENO格式权重分析与改进

为了优化WENO格式计算性能,在对Jiang和Shu的经典WENO格式(记为WENO-JS)加权方法分析的基础上,通过引入间接光滑指数,构造出一种新的WENO格式——WENO-E格式,取得减小间断区耗散的效果。理论分析表明,该格式与WENO-JS格式计算效率基本相同,可达到相同阶的计算精度;但在相同网格下,较之WENO-JS格式,该格式对光滑区域的求解有更小的截断误差,对间断的捕捉有更高的分辨率。与WENO-JS格式相比,采用WENO-E格式进行线性迁移方程、非线性Burgers方程、欧拉方程等相关问题的数值实验,均能取得更好的数值结果。     

Why internal conflict deteriorates state capacity? Evidence from Colombian municipalities

Previous work has documented a negative correlation between internal conflict and state capacity. We attempt to shed light on mechanisms that underlie this relationship, using data for Colombian municipalities. We rely on identifying heterogeneous effects of different types of violent events on state capacity, taking advantage of variability across municipalities in the prevalence of specific manifestations of conflict and their intensity. Our findings suggest that events making civilians feel targeted affect the state’s capacity to collect taxes, while those reflecting a stronger military capacity of illegal armies, in particular their large-scale attacks, affect the state’s capacity to provide public goods.